Medication-assisted treatment in Dallas, explained

Which medicines are used

SAMHSA names acamprosate, disulfiram and naltrexone as common medications for alcohol use disorder. For opioid use disorder, it names buprenorphine, methadone and naltrexone. A use disorder is the medical term for addiction. SAMHSA says these medicines do not cure the disorder, and that they are most effective for people who take part in a treatment program.

No medication is FDA-approved to treat meth or cocaine use disorder. See meth and cocaine for the treatments used instead, and alcohol for how each alcohol medicine works. You may also hear the phrase medications for opioid use disorder, or MOUD. Some experts prefer it because it treats medicine as a central part of care.

How the opioid medicines work

NIDA explains that methadone eases withdrawal and cravings and produces less intense feelings of pleasure in people with opioid use disorder. To treat this disorder, it is only available from approved opioid treatment programs. People usually go to the clinic for doses, and some can take doses home over time.

Buprenorphine also reduces cravings and withdrawal, and it can block other opioids. Many doctors, nurse practitioners and physician assistants can prescribe it, and it can be prescribed by telehealth. Naltrexone works by blocking opioid receptors, so opioids can no longer cause feelings of pleasure. Any health care provider can prescribe it.

How long people take medication

SAMHSA says these medicines are safe for long-term use, from months to a lifetime. How long you take one is a decision for you and your prescriber. Do not stop or change a dose on your own. Your provider can tell you about risks, side effects and other medicines you should avoid.

Counseling often goes alongside medication. Many programs offer both, and you can also get medication through outpatient treatment or start it during detox. Ask each program which medicines it offers, because not all of them offer every one.

Family members sometimes worry about medicine in treatment. It can help to go to a visit together and ask questions. Keep all medicines locked away, especially where children live, and store them the way the prescriber tells you.